USDA Nears Decision on Food Safety Chief - Is "Change" on the way?

Ed O’Keefe of the Washington Post caught me by phone as I walked off the ferry Friday morning.  Either way this goes, I hope someone reads this - "Open Letter to a New Under Secretary for Food Safety - FSIS - The End of E. coli Conservatism."  Here is Ed's article – “Change” may be on the way:

The search for a head of the Department of Agriculture's Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) appears to have come down on two veterans of the food safety community: Caroline Smith–Dewall, food safety director at the Center for Science in the Public Interest and former FSIS administrator Barbara J. Masters, who is currently senior policy adviser at Washington law firm Olsson Frank Weeda Terman Bode Matz PC.

Food safety has been on the minds of many this month as a nationwide salmonella outbreak tied to peanut butter and peanut paste has caused serious illness and may have contributed to seven deaths. FSIS is only responsible however for the safety of the nation's commercial meat, poultry and eggs, while the Food and Drug Administration accounts for the safety of all other foods.

The undersecretary for food safety is responsible for crafting the government's policy and education programs on the issue; it is a political appointment that requires Senate confirmation.

Neither Masters nor Smith-Dewaal would comment on their conversations with the Obama administration. Their names emerged as leading candidates following conversations with food industry representatives, food safety veterans and union officials.

Masters said she was "not in a position to say” whether she’s been contacted by administration officials about the job, but said she remains supportive of the Obama administration "no matter what they do on the issue."

Smith-Dewaal said “I’m really not making any comment" and refused to say whether she has talked to the administration. In addition to working at the Center for Science in the Public interest, she also serves on the FDA's Center for Safety and Applied Nutrition Food Advisory Committee.

Other names mentioned for the position include Dr. Mike Doyle, director of the Center for Food Safety at the University of Georgia; Mike Taylor, a Food and Drug Administration veteran and currently a research professor at George Washington University; and Bill Marler, a Seattle-based attorney and world-renowned expert on food safety issues.

How did Salmonella Get into our Peanut Butter and then into Everything Else?

I got an email last night from Washington DC asking with all the news of the recalls, how did the Salmonella get into the peanut butter in the first place and how did it get “spread” into seemingly everything else?

Well the first part is easy – its likely bird or rodent shit.

Brendan Borrell of Scientific American online actually wrote about this topic last week in an interview with Dr. Mike Doyle“How does salmonella get into peanut butter? And can you kill it once it's there?”

How does salmonella get into peanut butter?

Feces from some animal is a strong possibility. A leak in the roof, for example, caused one of the early outbreaks. How salmonella got into the water that was on the roof, no one knows for sure. Maybe birds, for instance, which accumulate around peanut butter processing plants.

The roasting of peanuts is the only step that will kill the salmonella. If contamination occurs after the roasting process, the game is over and salmonella is going to survive. Studies have shown that salmonella can survive for many months in peanut butter once it's present. Fatty foods are also more protective of salmonella, so when it gets into the acid of the stomach -- which is our first line of defense -- it may not get destroyed. Peanut butter, being a highly fatty food, could survive better.

So, how can you keep salmonella out of peanut butter in the future?

The key is to have a rigid system in place that does not allow contamination by water or other vectors after the roasting process. Water in a peanut butter processing plant is like putting gasoline on a fire.

A couple of other things to think about from an historical perspective – this is not the first time we have had outbreaks – see the Australian and United States experiences. Also, this is not the first time someone has written about the problems of bacteria in jars of Salmonella - see "Survival of Salmonella in Peanut Butter and Peanut Butter Spread - 1990" and "Survival of Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella in Peanut Putter - 2008."

The second part, "how did it get “spread” into seemingly everything else?" is in large part answered by Peanut Corporation of America's own press release:

The recalled peanut butter in the expanded recall is sold by PCA in bulk packaging in containers ranging in size from five to 1,700 pounds. The peanut paste is sold in sizes ranging from 35-pound containers to tanker containers.

With quantities of peanut butter in that amount being shipped all over the world, a mistake in production will have an exponential impact.  We are seeing that now with more and more products being recalled.

I am sure there is more to come.